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Audio Fundamentals

All Audio Fundamentals guides

Learn the audio concepts behind everyday editing decisions: frequency and musical pitch, EQ ranges, BPM and note timing, reference tones, and how pink noise differs from white or brown noise. These guides pair concise explanations with interactive browser tools, so you can hear or calculate the idea instead of memorizing a chart. Start with the frequency chart for EQ work, the note chart or pitch detector for tuning, and the BPM tools for delay and reverb timing.

Audio ToolsOct 2026
Two walnut bookshelf speakers turned to show their rear terminals, with brass-tipped speaker cable and a 9-volt battery on an oak desk.

Speaker Polarity Test: Check If Speakers Are Out of Phase

Compare how two speakers combine at your seat, understand detector signal requirements, and follow the manufacturer’s procedure for passive wiring checks.

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Audio ToolsOct 2026
A two-way studio monitor with its grille set aside on a stone windowsill, next to a small brass volume controller.

Speaker Test: Check Output, Left/Right, Rattle & Polarity

Five quiet checks help you assess output, channel routing, audible range, rattles and relative playback polarity.

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Audio ToolsOct 2026
A walnut subwoofer with its grille removed, resting on a brass spike foot on oak floorboards beside a coiled cream cable.

Bass Test: 20–200 Hz Tones for Speakers & Subwoofers

Step down through quiet sine tones from 200 Hz to 20 Hz to find where your speakers, subwoofer or headphones stop playing clean bass, and why.

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Audio ToolsOct 2026
A brass meter panel with two blank needle dials beside a pair of pencil condenser microphones on a stereo bar, on a walnut sideboard.

Phase Correlation Meter

Load a stereo file, inspect channel correlation and stereo shape, then compare it with a local mono fold-down before deciding what needs repair.

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Audio FundamentalsSep 2026
A graphic equalizer with a row of brass-capped sliders beside a parametric equalizer with ribbed brass knobs on a workbench.

Parametric EQ vs Graphic EQ: Which One Should You Use?

Graphic EQ gives you fast fixed-band control; parametric EQ adds adjustable frequency, gain and bandwidth. Here is how to choose by task.

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Audio FundamentalsSep 2026
Two stacked hardware dynamics units with brass knobs and a blank cream needle meter on a leather-topped desk.

Compressor vs Limiter: Which One Should You Use?

Use a compressor to shape dynamic movement and a limiter to restrain peaks. Learn where they overlap and when a chain needs both.

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Audio FundamentalsSep 2026
A closed laptop on an oak desk with a two-octave keyboard, a brass guitar pedal and a small audio interface connected by cables.

What Is a VST Plugin? Instruments, Effects and Compatibility

A VST plug-in runs inside a compatible audio host. Learn what the host handles, how instruments differ from effects and which compatibility checks matter.

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Audio FundamentalsSep 2026
A walnut and brass stereo amplifier with two large tone knobs, a brass triangle and a felt bass-drum mallet on a marble counter.

Bass vs Treble: What They Change and How to Balance Them

A practical guide to bass, treble and tone controls, with approximate frequency ranges and a flat-first method for better settings.

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Audio FundamentalsSep 2026
A brass-cased hard drive, a blank CD in a jewel case and a small flash drive on cream cards on a walnut sideboard.

WAV vs FLAC vs MP3 for Editing, Mastering and Archive

A practical guide to choosing WAV, FLAC or MP3 for active editing, mastering, long-term storage, client handoff and listening copies.

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Audio FundamentalsSep 2026
A small cube speaker on a brass stand in front of a pair of larger walnut stereo monitors on a walnut desk.

Mono Compatibility and Phase Correlation in Sound Forge

A practical Sound Forge workflow for spotting phase cancellation, checking a real mono fold-down and repairing the source without losing useful stereo width.

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Audio ToolsAug 2026
A slim measurement microphone on a tripod facing a studio monitor on a stand across an oak floor.

Pink Noise Generator

Play pink noise instantly, compare white and brown profiles, set a timer, and download a local 30-second WAV without recording or uploading audio.

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Audio ToolsAug 2026
A cello leaning against a wall beside a violin in an open case and a brass flute on a linen cloth on oak floorboards.

Audio Frequency Chart: EQ Bands & Instruments

Use the chart by task: trace a listening problem, compare voice and instrument regions, or map broad EQ bands before making a correction.

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